三角洲工程
三角洲工程(Deltawerken)是荷兰南部沿海地区一系列大型水利工程,旨在保护莱茵河-梅斯河-斯海尔德河三角洲区域免受海水侵蚀。
该工程始建于1954年,历时43年完成,包括水坝、船闸、堤防、防波堤和风暴潮屏障等。
为了更准确地评估风险,工程采用了“三角洲标准”(Delta norm),即基于统计模型评估洪灾造成的损失,并以此为基础设定不同区域的安全标准,对人员伤亡赋予经济价值。
近年来,随着全球气候变暖和海平面上升,对三角洲工程进行了升级改造,更加注重生态环境保护,采用“顺应自然”的理念,例如通过恢复河床、建立自然公园等方式,在保护安全的同时恢复自然生态系统。
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Delta Works
The Delta Works (Dutch: Deltawerken) is a series of construction projects in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta from the sea. Constructed between 1954 and 1997, the works consist of dams, sluices, locks, dykes, levees, and storm surge barriers located in the provinces of South Holland and Zeeland.
The aim of the dams, sluices, and storm surge barriers was to shorten the Dutch coastline, thus reducing the number of dikes that had to be raised. Along with the Zuiderzee Works, the Delta Works have been declared one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
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